Intelligence

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* 1 Definitions
* 2 Theories of intelligence
o 2.1 Psychometric approach
+ 2.1.1 Controversies
o 2.2 Multiple intelligences
o 2.3 Triarchic Theory of Intelligence
o 2.4 Emotional intelligence
o 2.5 PASS Theory
o 2.6 Empirical evidence
* 3 Evolution of intelligence
* 4 Factors affecting intelligence
o 4.1 Biological
o 4.2 Environmental
o 4.3 Ethical issues
* 5 Other species
* 6 Artificial intelligence
* 7 See also
* 8 References
* 9 Further reading
* 10 External links

Intelligence is an umbrella term used to describe a property of the mind that encompasses many related abilities, such as the capacities to reason, to plan, to solve problems, to think abstractly, to comprehend ideas, to use language, and to learn. There are several ways to define intelligence. In some cases, intelligence may include traits such as creativity, personality, character, knowledge, or wisdom. However, most psychologists prefer not to include these traits in the definition of intelligence.[citation needed]

Theories of intelligence can be divided into those based on a unilinear construct of general intelligence and those based on multiple intelligences. Francis Galton, influenced by his cousin Charles Darwin, was the first to advance a theory of general intelligence. For Galton, intelligence was a real faculty with a biological basis that could be studied by measuring reaction times to certain cognitive tasks. Galton's research on measuring the head size of British scientists and ordinary citizens led to the conclusion that head size had no relationship with the person's intelligence.

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