What is the "Law of the Land" in other countries ?

IRL, A friend and I were talking about how little we know about other countries rights or freedoms.
Is there other countries that have something similar to our Bill of Rights and our Constitution ?
What started the discussion about this , was , I was telling her about how there seems to be some serious America bashing going on in some parts o the world and not necessarily in the middle East .
After I got back home I did some googling around looking for laws on rights or freedoms in other countries but soon enough was so bogged down and overwhelmed I thought maybe I could just ask and hopefully some people will be inclined to discuss their countries as energiticlly as some are willing to discuss America.
I have been in a thread / discussion on the difference between the way Great Britons 'constitution ' and Americas . But it was more about how the two constitution's are different in way the government uses what is written or in GB's case not written .
What I'm interested in is stuff like ,
Americans have the right to "The Freedom of Speech " do any other countries have laws on the books similar ? Other countries seem to more accepting of same sex marriage , but is it a right as in equal rights or is it that the majority of citizens more accepting .

It's not the politics , but, the similarities and differences in the "Law of The Land " from country to country that I am interested in THIS IS NOT A COUNTRY BASHING THREAD , . After all I think we can all agree that what ever country any one of us call home in our personal opinions that country is the best on to be in or from .

Bump...

Good post, but I think it's a little too broad for discussion.. Perhaps bring it down to one or two "rights" or "Laws"?

Almost all democracies have freedom of speech central to their constitutions. In fact to even be called a democracy it needs to have a constitution which allows for freedom of speech.

Maybe it would help if we list out our bill of rights and they and somebody does that with their country.

TAKEN FROM WIKIPEDIA
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States_Bill_of_Rights

* First Amendment ? Establishment Clause, Free Exercise Clause; freedom of speech, of the press, and of assembly; right to petition

Congress shall make no law respecting an establishment of religion, or prohibiting the free exercise thereof; or abridging the freedom of speech, or of the press; or the right of the people peaceably to assemble, and to petition the Government for a redress of grievances.

* Second Amendment ? Militia (United States), Sovereign state, Right to keep and bear arms.

A well regulated Militia being necessary to the security of a free State, the right of the people to keep and bear arms shall not be infringed. [5]

* Third Amendment ? Protection from quartering of troops.

No Soldier shall, in time of peace be quartered in any house, without the consent of the Owner, nor in time of war, but in a manner to be prescribed by law.

* Fourth Amendment ? Protection from unreasonable search and seizure.

The right of the people to be secure in their persons, houses, papers, and effects, against unreasonable searches and seizures, shall not be violated, and no Warrants shall issue, but upon probable cause, supported by Oath or affirmation, and particularly describing the place to be searched, and the persons or things to be seized.

* Fifth Amendment ? due process, double jeopardy, self-incrimination, eminent domain.

No person shall be held to answer for any capital, or otherwise infamous crime, unless on a presentment or indictment of a Grand Jury, except in cases arising in the land or naval forces, or in the Militia, when in actual service in time of War or public danger; nor shall any person be subject for the same offence to be twice put in jeopardy of life or limb; nor shall be compelled in any criminal case to be a witness against himself, nor be deprived of life, liberty, or property, without due process of law; nor shall private property be taken for public use, without just compensation.

* Sixth Amendment ? Trial by jury and rights of the accused; Confrontation Clause, speedy trial, public trial, right to counsel

In all criminal prosecutions, the accused shall enjoy the right to a speedy and public trial, by an impartial jury of the State and district where in the crime shall have been committed, which district shall have been previously ascertained by law, and to be informed of the nature and cause of the accusation; to be confronted with the witnesses against him; to have compulsory process for obtaining witnesses in his favor, and to have the Assistance of Counsel for his defense.

* Seventh Amendment ? Civil trial by jury.

In suits at common law, where the value in controversy shall exceed twenty dollars, the right of trial by jury shall be preserved, and no fact tried by a jury, shall be otherwise re-examined in any court of the United States, than according to the rules of the common law.

* Eighth Amendment ? Prohibition of excessive bail and cruel and unusual punishment.

Excessive bail shall not be required, nor excessive fines imposed, nor cruel and unusual punishments inflicted.

* Ninth Amendment ? Protection of rights not specifically enumerated in the Constitution.

The enumeration in the Constitution, of certain rights, shall not be construed to deny or disparage others retained by the people.

* Tenth Amendment ? Powers of States and people.

The powers not delegated to the United States by the Constitution, nor prohibited by it to the States, are reserved to the States respectively, or to the people.