Sixth Word: Monroe Doctrine
Category: Foundation
Short Answer - - A foreign policy speech delivered by President James Monroe in an attempt to prevent European countries from recolonizing newly independent countries in Latin America.
Ming's Answer
The American Revolution started a chain of events such as the end of the French Monarchy; the French being kicked out of Haiti, Africa, Indochina and Louisiana; the Spanish being kicked out of Mexico, Central America, South America, and Africa; the end of the Russian Monarchy, the Portuguese being kicked out of Brazil, India, China, and Africa, the British being kicked out of India, Africa, China, Australia, and Canada.
Probably we should include the Americans being kicked out of Canada, Cuba, Mexico, Central America, the Philippine Islands, Japan, Russia, Germany, Vietnam, Iraq, etc.
I read a book, The Rise of the West, which among other things is a history of how the Europeans became the landlords of all that real estate. Emerson wrote a poem, The Concord Hymn, which includes the famous line, ?the shot heard round the world?, which is a metaphor for the American Revolution.
The American Revolution didn?t cause all the later chaos. The Haitian government must have really mismanaged the island, and Napoleon had too little understanding of cholera, so that his troops who might have reversed the Haitian Revolution died before they could reverse it. Napoleon also had a hand in starting the process in which the Spanish and Portuguese lost control of Latin America. To enforce his Continental Policy, he invaded Iberia. That was something the British encouraged because it gave them greater access to Spanish and Portuguese ports. The King of Portugal escaped being captured by French forces because he left Lisbon on a British ship.
The Monroe Doctrine is the name of one of the American government?s responses to the initial chaos that followed the American Revolution. The American government thought that European governments might reestablish control over Latin America. The American Revolution still lived in people?s memories. President Monroe had been a Lieutenant in the Continental Army during the Battle of Monmouth, where he had counted the American troops as they retreated. The Chief Justice of the Supreme Court had been in the Continental Army. The Secretary of State had been a diplomat in Europe during the war. Many people, who had lived through the trauma, still lived. Even more people, who had lived during the Adams Administration, could remember how Alexander Hamilton raised an Army for George Washington to command because of a threat of a French invasion.
So the Americans felt threatened, and to counter the threat, President Monroe issued a statement saying that the United States would not interfere with any colonies that still existed, but it would oppose any action to reestablish European control of Latin America. Probably if the British had chosen to ignore the United States, they could have recolonized the area, but maybe they thought they could get everything they wanted by diplomacy. Some people think that they had gotten almost everything they wanted from United States with the stroke of the pen, which had ended the American Revolution. Why use a stick when you can use a little sugar?
The term, Monroe Doctrine has become an American buzz word. Lots of presidents have had doctrines that have modified the original idea. Maybe that could be the subject of another essay.